先打扰鋭山兄的页幅。
在此贴了些泰国简史,转自英文版的Wikipedia及维基百科。
初中生先生所述,会否是西双版纳的傣族或摆夷族?
请原谅Jack不懂之处,因为花了些年讲泰语但还是个文盲。不过,多几年,华语会普遍在泰国流行。到时,可找个中文好的翻释员多懂泰国历史。请见谅目前只能从上述的网站转贴。如有闪失之处,请多包容。至於“泛泰主义”之说,目前没听说过,或许有机会可查实。补充一点,泰国人一般都是好客及客气。只会对有敌意者不友善,正常情况下是友善的民族。英文版会較全面覆盖泰国古今简史。记述中,并没有提及韩国或韩国相关的事件。所知的是泰国里有好多中国人,且中国人术目也在增加。
History of Thailand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, searchPart of History of Thailand
Prehistoric Thailand
Early history of Thailand
Initial states of Thailand (3 BCE-1238)Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1448 )Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351-1767)Thonburi Kingdom (1768-1782)Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782-1932)Kingdom of ThailandRegional historyedit this boxThe history of Thailand begins with the migration of the Thais from their ancestral home in southern China into mainland southeast Asia around the 10th century AD. Prior to this Mon, Khmer and Malay kingdoms ruled the region. The Thais established their own states starting with Sukhothai and then Ayutthaya kingdom. These states fought each other and were under constant threat from the Khmers, Burma and Vietnam. Much later, the European colonial powers threatened in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but Thailand survived as the only Southeast Asian state to avoid colonial rule. After the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932, Thailand endured sixty years of almost permanent military rule before the establishment of a democratic system.[edit] Initial states of ThailandPrior to the southwards migration of the Tai people from Yunnan in the 10th century, the Indochina peninsula had been a home to various indigenous animistic communities for as far back as 500,000 years ago. The recent discovery of Homo erectus fossils such as Lampang man is but one example. The remains were first discovered during excavations in Lampang province, Thailand. The finds have been dated from roughly 1,000,000 - 500,000 years ago in the Pleistocene.Historians agree that the diverse Austro-Asiatic groups that inhabitedthe Indochina peninsula are related to the people which today inhabitthe islands of the Pacific. As these peoples dispersed along the Gulf of Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago,they inhabited the coastal areas of the archipelago as well as otherremote islands[1]. The seafarers possessed advanced navigation skills,sailing as far as New Zealand, Hawaii and Madagascar.
The most well known pre-historic settlement in Thailand is often associated to the major archaeological site at Ban Chiang; dating of artifacts from this site is a consensus that at least by 1500 BC, the inhabitants had developed bronze tools and also the grew rice.There are myriad sites in Thailand dating to the Bronze (1500 BC-500BC) and Iron Ages (500 BC-500 AD). The most thoroughly researched ofthese sites are located in the country's Northeast, especially in theMun and Chi River valleys. The Mun River in particular is home to many'moated' sites which comprise mounds surrounded by ditches andramparts. The mounds contain evidence of prehistoric occupation. Aroundthe first century of the Christian era, according to Funan epigraphy and the records of Chinese historians(Coedes), a number of tradingsettlements of the South, appears to have been organized into severalIndianised states, among the earliest of which are believed to be Langkasuka and Tambralinga.
[edit] DvaravatiDvaravati first came to the attention of modern scholars during the19th century through the translation of Chinese texts. These textsmentioned To-lo-po-ti, Tu-ho-po-ti and Tu-ho- lo-po-ti, names that weretranslated into Sanskrit- Dvaravati. We know that this polity had aninternational presence, as it sent a number of missions to the Chinesecourt, but it is difficult to reconstruct what kind of polity isrepresented and scholarly opinion is split. Clearly the issue cannot beresolved until further research is undertaken but the current evidenceappears to favour an interpretation of Dvaravati as a loosely organizedpolitical entity at a pre-state level. The situation is confusedfurther by the use of the term Dvaravati to describe a school of artand a culture. It is best to consider Dvaravati as a broad term,encompassing all of these things, a culture, comprised mostly of Monspeakers who produced predominantly religious art and lived in largetowns concentrated in the Chao Phraya Valley whose influence extendedinto other parts of Thailand.
[edit] Sukhothai and LannathaiMain article: Sukhothai kingdom
Main article: Lannathai
 
Siamese embassy to Louis XIV in 1686, by Nicolas Larmessin.
Thais date the founding of their nation to the 13th century.According to tradition, Thai chieftains gained independence from the Khmer Empire at Sukhothai, which was established as a sovereign Kingdom by Pho Khun Si Indrathitin 1238. A political feature called, in Thai, 'father governs children'existed at this time. Everybody could bring their problems to the kingdirectly; there was a bell in front of the palace for this purpose. Thecity briefly dominated the area under King Ramkhamhaeng,who established the Thai alphabet, but after his death in 1365 it fellinto decline and became subject to another emerging Thai state known asthe Ayutthaya kingdom, which dominated southern and central Thailand until the 1700s.
Another Thai state that coexisted with Sukhothai was the northernstate of Lanna. This state emerged in the same period as Sukhothai, butsurvived longer. Its independent history ended in 1558, when it fell tothe Burmese; thereafter it was dominated by Burma and Ayutthaya in turnbefore falling to the army of the Siamese King Taksin in 1775.
[edit] AyutthayaMain article: Ayutthaya kingdom
The first ruler of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, King Ramathibodi I, made two important contributions to Thai history: the establishment and promotion of Theravada Buddhism as the official religion — to differentiate his kingdom from the neighbouring Hindu kingdom of Angkor — and the compilation of the Dharmashastra,a legal code based on Hindu sources and traditional Thai custom. TheDharmashastra remained a tool of Thai law until late in the 19thcentury. Beginning with the Portuguesein the 16th century, Ayutthaya had some contact with the West, butuntil the 1800s, its relations with neighboring nations as well as withIndia and China, were of primary importance. Ayutthaya dominated a considerable area, ranging from the Islamic states on the Malay Peninsula to states in northern Thailand. Nonetheless, the Burmese,who had control of Lanna and had also unified their kingdom under apowerful dynasty, launched several invasion attempts in the 1750s and1760s. Finally, in 1767, the Burmese attacked the capital city andconquered it. The royal family fled the city where the king died ofstarvation ten days later. The Ayutthaya royal line had beenextinguished. Overall there are 33 kings in this period, including anunofficial king.
There were 5 dynasties during Ayutthaya period:
- Eu Thong Dynasty which consists of 3 kings
- Suphanabhumi Dynasty consisting of 13 kings
- Sukhothai Dynasty consisting of 7 kings
- Prasart Thong (Golden Tower) Dynasty consisting of 4 kings
- Bann Plu Dynasty consisting of 6 kings
[edit] Thonburi and Bangkok periodMain article: History of Thailand (1768–1932)
After more than 400 years of power, in 1767, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was brought down by invading Burmese armies, its capital burned, and the territory split. General Taksin managed to reunite the Thai kingdom from his new capital of Thonburiand declared himself king in 1769. However, Taksin allegedly becamemad, and he was deposed, taken prisoner, and executed in 1782. GeneralChakri succeeded him in 1782 as Rama I, the first king of the Chakri dynasty. In the same year he founded the new capital city at Bangkok, across the Chao Phraya river from Thonburi, Taksin's capital. In the 1790s Burma was defeated and driven out of Siam,as it was then called. Lanna also became free of Burmese occupation,but the king of a new dynasty was installed in the 1790s waseffectively a puppet ruler of the Chakri monarch.
The heirs of Rama I became increasingly concerned with the threat ofEuropean colonialism after British victories in neighboring Burma in1826. The first Thai recognition of Western power in the region was theTreaty of Amity and Commerce with the United Kingdom in 1826. In 1833, the United Statesbegan diplomatic exchanges with Siam, as Thailand was called until1939, and again between 1945 and 1949. However, it was during the laterreigns of King Chulalongkorn, and his father King Mongkut,that Thailand established firm rapprochement with Western powers. It isa widely held view in Thailand that the diplomatic skills of thesemonarchs, combined with the modernising reforms of the Thai Government,made Siam the only country in South and Southeast Asia to avoidEuropean colonisation. This is reflected in the country's modern name, Prathet Thai or Thai‐land, used unofficially between 1939 and 1945 and officially declared on May 11, 1949, in which prathet means "nation" and thai means "free".
The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 defined the modern border between Siam and British Malaya by securing Thai authority over the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and Satun, which were previously part of the semi‐independent Malay sultanates of Pattani and Kedah. A series of treaties with France fixed the country's current eastern border with Laos and Cambodia.
[edit] Military ruleMain article: History of Thailand (1932–1973)
The Siamese coup d'état of 1932 transformed the Government of Thailand from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy. King Prajadhipok initially accepted this change but later surrendered the throne to his ten year old nephew, Ananda Mahidol.Upon his abdication, King Prajadhipok said that the duty of a ruler wasto reign for the good of the whole people, not for a select few. KingAnanda Mahidol (Rama VIII) died in 1946 under somewhat mysteriouscircumstances, the official explanation being that he shot himself byaccident while cleaning his gun. He was succeeded by his brother Bhumibol Adulyadej,the longest reigning king of Thailand, and very popular with the Thais.Although nominally a constitutional monarchy, Thailand was ruled by aseries of military governments, most prominently led by Luang Phibunsongkhram and Sarit Dhanarajata, interspersed with brief periods of democracy.
In early January 1941, Thailand invaded French Indochina, beginning the French-Thai War. The Thais, better equipped and outnumbering the French forces, easily reclaiming Laos. The French decisively won the naval Battle of Koh Chang.
The Japanese mediated the conflict, and a general armistice was declared on January 28. On May 9 a peace treaty was signed in Tokyo, with the French being coerced by the Japanese into relinquishing its hold on the disputed territories.
On December 8, 1941, a few hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan demanded the right to move troops across Thailand to the Malayan frontier. Japan invaded the countryand engaged the Thai army for six to eight hours before Phibunsongkhramordered an armistice. Shortly thereafter Japan was granted freepassage, and on December 21,1941, Thailand and Japan signed a military alliance with a secretprotocol wherein Tokyo agreed to help Thailand regain territories lostto the British and French (i.e. the Shan States of Burma, Malaya,Singapore, & part of Yunnan, plus Laos & Cambodia)Subsequently, Thailand undertook to 'assist' Japan in her war againstthe Allies. NOTE: Japan's distrust of Thailand extended to the point ofrearming their 'Allies' with controlled munitions, including the famousSiamese Mauser, which was manufactured in an unusual caliber. It shouldbe remembered that the Seri Thai operated freely, often with supportfrom members of the Royal family (Prince Chula Chakrabongse) andmembers of the government and that the Thai Army was considereduntrustworthy by the Japanese.
After the end of World War II, Prime Minister Pridi Phanomyong agreed to return the captured territories to France, as a condition for admission to the newly created United Nations.
After Japan's defeat in 1945, with the help of a group of Thais known as Seri Thai who were supported by the United States,Thailand was treated as a defeated country by the British and French,although American support mitigated the Allied terms. Thailand was notoccupied by the Allies, but it was forced to return the territory ithad regained to the British and the French. In the postwar periodThailand enjoyed close relations with the United States, which it sawas a protector from the communist revolutions in neighboring countries.
Communist guerillas existed in country from early 60's up to 1987,but never posed a serious threat to the state, but at the peak ofmovement they counted almost 12,000 full-time fighters.
Recently, Thailand also has been an active member in the regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), especially after democratic rule was restored in 1992.
[edit] DemocracyMain article: History of Thailand since 1973
Main article: 2008 Thai political crisis
Post-1973 has been marked by a struggle to define the political contours of the state. It was won by the King and General Prem Tinsulanonda, who favored a democratic constitutional order.
The post-1973 years have seen a difficult and sometimes bloodytransition from military to civilian rule, with several reversals alongthe way. The revolution of 1973 inaugurated a brief, unstable period ofdemocracy, with military rule being reimposed after the 6 October 1976 Massacre [[1]]. For most of the 1980s, Thailandwas ruled by Prem, a democratically-inclined strongman who restoredparliamentary politics. Thereafter the country remained a democracyapart from a brief period of military rule from 1991 to 1992. Thepopulist Thai Rak Thai party, led by prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, came to power in 2001.
On September 19, 2006, with the prime minister in New York for a meeting of the UN, Army Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General Sonthi Boonyaratglin launched a successful coup d'état. A general election on 23 December 2007 restored a civilian government, lead by Samak Sundaravej of the People Power Party.
In mid-2008, the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) led large protests against the government of Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej, whom they criticize for his ties to former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. On 26 August 2008, the protesters occupied several government ministries, including Thailand's Government House.[1] Samak refused to resign, but also elected not to use force to remove the protestors.[2] Beginning August 29, protesters disrupted air and rail infrastructure.[3] On September 2, Samak declared a state of emergency, banning gatherings and use of media by the PAD.[4] As of September 8, the protesters are still occupying Government House.[5]
泰国 维基百科,自由的百科全书 (重定向自泰國)
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[size=90%]- 简体:却克里;繁體:却克里; 当前用字模式下显示为→却克里
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泰国,全称泰王国,是东南亚的一个国家,东临老挝和柬埔寨,南面是暹罗湾和马来西亚,西接缅甸和安达曼海。在1949年5月11日以前,泰国的名称是暹罗。[编辑] 国家名称正式名称:ราชอาณาจักรไทย,ราช是“国王”、อาณาจักร是“领土”、ไทย是“自由”。“自由”一词读音为“泰”,这也是该国主要民族的名称,故称泰国。当地俗称:เมืองไทย。中文全称是:泰王国,简称:泰国。
泰国过去正式的名称是暹罗(สยาม)。1949年5月11日,泰国人用自己民族的名称,把“暹罗”改为“泰”,主要是取其“自由”之意。因为当时的东南亚,只有泰国还是独立的国家,其它国家都成为了荷兰、英国、法国、美国、日本等国的殖民地。现在还有少数华人把泰国称为“暹罗”。
[编辑] 历史主条目:泰国历史
泰国古称暹罗,部份先民原居住在中国云南一带,为逃避蒙古入侵而南下迁居中南半岛。1238年,素可泰王国建立。14世纪中叶,阿瑜陀耶王国(大城王国)取而代之。泰文化受到中国文化和印度文化的影响很大。18世纪,华裔郑信建立吞武里王朝,后来拉玛一世拿握政权,建都曼谷,史称却克里王朝(曼谷王朝)。
16世纪西方列强来到泰国,直至19世纪末,英法两国已经分别在暹罗东西两边建立英属印度和法属印度支那殖民地。1896年英法签订〈关于暹罗等地的宣言〉,将暹罗列为两个殖民地之间的“缓冲国”,其后英法于1904年划定势力范围:湄南河以东为法国势力范围,以西为英国势力范围。虽然暹罗没有成为列强殖民地,但仍然受到英法的诸多压制。
曼谷王朝的拉玛四世(1851年至1868年在位)开始国家开放政策,至拉玛五世(朱拉隆功大帝,1868年至1910年在位)借鉴西方国家经验,进行了一系列改革来适应殖民国家对暹罗施加的压力。1932年6月,在一次不流血革命后,暹罗成为君主立宪制国家。1949年改名泰国。
在第二次世界大战时泰国倾向日本,1941年12月7日,日本发动太平洋战争,日本和泰国签订〈日泰同盟条约〉。1942年1月25日泰国宣布向英美宣战,日本曾将部份在缅甸和马来亚半岛占领地割让给泰国。1945年8月15日日本战败投降,泰国随即在翌日宣布:“泰国1942年1月25日对英美宣战宣言无效”,泰国的“宣战无效”宣言被同盟国承认。
第二次世界大战后泰国成为美国的主要军事盟国,在经济、军事等有亲切关系。在东南亚地区泰国亦是一个举足轻重的国家,该国是东南亚国家联盟始创国之一,亦在东南亚区内事务有积极的参予。
2006年4月2日的议会选举遭到三大反对党的联合抵制,造成严重的政治危机。4月5日,泰国看守内阁总理他信在内阁特别会议上指派副总理奇猜·万那沙提暂时行使看守内阁总理职责。[1] 5月8日,泰国宪法法院裁定,泰国选举委员会在组织4月2日国会下议院选举中“有违法和违宪行为”,因此选举结果无效,应重新举行国会下议院选举。[2]
2006年9月19日军队乘他信总理赴纽约参加联合国大会之机发动政变,宣布暂时废除宪法。[3]
[编辑] 政治按泰国宪法,泰国国王没有很多实际权力,国王本人主要是国家及其完整统一的代表。现任泰国国王普密蓬·阿杜德很受到国民的敬爱,因此他有时也出面调解政治危机。政府首脑是总理,由国王指定,一般由议会联合政府多数派党的领袖担任。
泰国由两会组成:众议会有500席,参议会有200席。议会成员由国民选举。众议会议员当选四年,参议会议员当选六年。最高司法机关是最高法院,其成员由国王指定。
但2006年9月19日,由颂提·汶雅叻格林将军领导的军队乘他信总理赴纽约参加联合国大会之机发动政变,宣布暂时废除宪法,解散内阁及禁止一切政党活动。荷枪实弹的军人及坦克进驻首都曼谷,军方更控制电视台等战略地点,全国进入军事戒严状态,颂提则成为代总理。
前任总理沙麦·顺达卫违反宪法2008年9月9日遭解除职位,现任泰国总理从缺。
泰国是东南亚国家联盟的成员。
[编辑] 行政区划主条目:泰国行政区划
泰国全国共有76个一级行政区,其中包括75个“府”(จังหวัด,changwat)与直辖市的首都——曼谷。这76个行政区一般被划分为5个主要地区,包括北部、东北部、东部、中部与南部地区,每个府都是以其首府(เมือง,mueang)作为该府的命名。在府底下,又有更小的次级行政区划,称为“区”(อำเภอ,amphoe)与“次区”(กิ่งอำเภอ,kingamphoe),根据2000年时的统计,泰国全国共有795个区与81个次区。至于首都曼谷的次级行政区则与各府的次级行政区在命名上有点出入,称为“khet”(เขต),总数达50个。- 北部地区
- 清迈府(Chiang Mai, เชียงใหม่)
- 清莱府(Chiang Rai, เชียงราย)
- 甘烹碧府(Kamphaeng Phet, กำแพงเพชร)
- 南邦府(Lampang, ลำปาง)
- 南奔府(Lamphun, ลำพูน)
- 湄宏顺府(Mae Hong Son, แม่ฮ่องสอน)
- 北榄坡府(Nakhon Sawan, นครสวรรค์)
- 楠府(Nan, น่าน)
- 拍天府(Phayao, พะเยา)
- 碧差汶府(Phetchabun, เพชรบูรณ์)
- 披集府(Phichit, พิจิตร)
- 彭世洛府(Phitsanulok, พิษณุโลก)
- 帕府(Phrae, แพร่)
- 素可泰府(Sukhothai, สุโขทัย)
- 来兴府(Tak, ตาก)
- 乌泰他尼府(Uthai Thani, อุทัยธานี)
- 程逸府(Uttaradit, อุตรดิตถ์)
- 东北地区
- 安纳乍能府(Amnat Charoen, อำนาจเจริญ)
- 武里喃府(Buriram, บุรีรัมย์)
- 猜也贲府(Chaiyaphum, ชัยภูมิ)
- 加拉信府(Kalasin, กาฬสินธุ์)
- 坤敬府(Khon Kaen, ขอนแก่น)
- 黎府(Loei, เลย)
- 吗哈沙拉堪府(Maha Sarakham, มหาสารคาม)
- 莫拉限府(Mukdahan, มุกดาหาร)
- 那空拍侬府(Nakhon Phanom, นครพนม)
- 呵叻府(Nakhon Ratchasima, นครราชสีมา)
- 廊磨喃蒲府(Nong Bua Lamphu, หนองบัวลำภู)
- 廊开府(Nong Khai, หนองคาย)
- 横逸府(Roi Et, ร้อยเอ็ด)
- 色军府(Sakon Nakhon, สกลนคร)
- 四色菊府(Si Sa Ket, ศรีษะเกศ)
- 素辇府(Surin, สุรินทร์)
- 乌汶府(Ubon Ratchathani, อุบลราชธานี)
- 莫肯府(Udon Thani, อุดรธานี)
- 益梭通府(Yasothon, ยโสธร)
| - 东部地区
- 北柳府(Chachoengsao, ฉะเชิงเทรา)
- 尖竹汶府(Chanthaburi, จันทบุรี)
- 春武里府(Chon Buri, ชลบุรี)
- 巴真府(Prachin Buri, ปราจีนบุรี)
- 罗勇府(Rayong, ระยอง)
- 沙缴府(Sa Kaeo, สระแก้ว)
- 桐艾府(Trat, ตราด)
- 中部地区
- 红统府(Ang Thong, อ่างทอง)
- 大城府(又称为阿如他耶,Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา)
- 曼谷(Bangkok,又称为Krung Thep Maha Nakhon,为一直辖市,กรุงเทพมหานคร)
- 猜纳府(Chai Nat, ชัยนาท)
- 北碧府(Kanchanaburi, กาญจนบุรี)
- 华富里府(Lop Buri, ลพบุรี)
- 坤西育府(Nakhon Nayok, นครนายก)
- 佛统府(Nakhon Pathom, นครปฐม)
- 暖武里府(Nonthaburi, นนทบุรี)
- 巴吞他尼府(Pathum Thani, ปทุมธานี)
- 佛丕府(Phetchaburi, เพชรบุรี)
- 班武里府(Prachuap Khiri Khan, ประจวบคีรีขันธ์)
- 叻丕府(Ratchaburi, ราชบุรี)
- 北榄府(Samut Prakan, สมุทรปราการ)
- 龙仔厝府(Samut Sakhon, สมุทรสาคร)
- 夜功府(Samut Songkhram, สมุทรสงคราม )
- 北标府(Saraburi, สระบุรี)
- 信武里府(Sing Buri, สิงห์บุรี)
- 素攀府(Suphan Buri, สุพรรณบุรี)
| - 南部地区
- 春蓬府(Chumphon,ชุมพร)
- 甲米府(Krabi,กระบี่)
- 陶公府(Narathiwat,นราธิวาส)
- 洛坤府(Nakhon Si Thammarat,นครศรีธรรมราช)
- 北大年府(Pattani,ปัตตานี)
- 攀牙府(Phang Nga,พังงา)
- 博他仑府(Phatthalung,พัทลุง)
- 普吉府(Phuket,ภูเก็ต)
- 拉廊府(Ranong,ระนอง)
- 沙敦府(Satun,สตูล)
- 宋卡府(Songkhla,สงขลา)
- 素叻府(Surat Thani,สุราษฎร์ธานี)
- 董里府(Trang,ตรัง)
- 惹拉府(Yala,ยะลา)
| [编辑] 地理国境大部份为低缓的山地和高原。地形多变,可分为西、中、东、南四个部份。
泰国西部为山区,是喜玛拉雅山脉的延伸他念他翁山脉为主的山地,一直由北向南走向。位于清迈府的英坦昂峰(海拔2,576米)是泰国的最高峰。
东北部是呵叻高原,这里夏季极干旱,雨季非常泥泞,不宜耕作。中部是昭披那河(即湄南河)平原。由曼谷向北,地势逐步缓升,湄南河沿岸土地丰饶,是泰国主要农产地。曼谷以南为暹罗湾红树林地域,涨潮时没入水中,退潮后成为红树林沼泽地。泰国南部是西部山脉的延续,山脉再向南形成马来半岛,最狭处称为克拉地峡。
另外,泰国的一般大众习惯将国家的疆域比作大象的头部,将北部视为“象冠”,东北地方代表“象耳”,暹罗湾代表“象口”,而南方的狭长地带则代表了“象鼻”。
气候方面,泰国属于热带季风气候。常年温度不下摄氏18℃,平均年降水量约1000毫米。11月至2月受较凉的东北季候风影响比较干燥,3月到5月气温最高,可达摄氏40-42℃,7月至9月受西南季候风影响,是雨季。10月至12月偶有热带气旋从南中国海经过中南半岛吹袭泰国东部,但在暹罗湾形成的热带气旋为数甚少且弱。
[编辑] 人口主条目:泰国人口
全国共有30多个民族,总计6000多万人口。泰族为主要民族,占人口总数的40%,佬族(老挝族)居次占人口总数之35%(一般统计会把泰族、佬族合并计算)、华族占14%,马来族占2.3%,其余是高棉族、苗族、瑶族、桂族、汶族、克伦族、掸族、塞芒族、沙盖族、孟族等民族。
其中,中央泰国人所使用的方言版本被作为官方语言,广泛应用于政府和学校传播。
大约有14%的泰国人口是华裔,其中相当一部份来自中国广东省潮汕地区。
另外,马来族是另一个重要的少数民族(2.3%),其余的少数民族包括高棉、蒙族等民族。除此之外尚有京族,以及一些住在山上的部落,例如巴通族、嘎良族、拉胡族、苗族、傜族等,接近缅甸的山区有少数掸族人,这些人口大约为788,024人。
除此之外,泰国还有大量的来自其他亚洲地区、欧洲、北美等长期居住在泰国的人口,还有大量非法移民。不过由于泰国人口基数大,所以这些人口只占总人口的很小一部分。
以产业结构来分析,泰国的人口主要为农业人口,集中在稻米产地,即泰国的中部和东北、北方。随着全球化进程,泰国也在工业化过程中,有大约31.1%的泰国人口集中在曼谷等大城市,而且在持续增长中。
[编辑] 宗教大多数泰国人信奉小乘佛教,佛教徒占全国人口九成以上。泰国南部的陶公府、北大年府和惹拉府以回教徒为主。另外亦有信奉基督教和印度教的信徒。
[编辑] 经济1985年至1995年间泰国的经济发展是世界上最快的。1997年泰国的货币危机引发了亚洲经济危机,泰铢对美元的比值从1:26降到1:56。1998年国民经济下降了10%。
1999年开始泰国经济开始得到恢复。其主要动力是出口。
[编辑] 泰国华商泰国华商是泰国的重要经济支柱,当地有不少大型企业都是由华商开办。这些华商早在清朝时就已经来到泰国谋生,并渐渐融入当地。然而,由于第二次世界大战之后所发生的事,加上华商长袖善舞,渐渐把握了泰国的经济命脉,使当地开始出现排华情绪。华人为求自保,都主动放弃原来的中国拼音姓氏,而改用有相同意思的泰语文字来当作他们的新姓氏、甚或采用当地原有的姓氏。这运动后来称之为“改姓名运动”。但自从1990年代开始,泰国连同其他四小虎成员的经济开始起飞,群众的态度开始转化。当地传媒更制作节目,讲述华人在泰国历史所扮演的角色、以及强调他们与泰国的其他种族一样,都是泰国人。近年来泰国经济进步神速,所得约为8000美元,为中等富裕的国家,但泰国近年来常常政变,现今泰国的问题是要解决政变的发生
[编辑] 旅游旅游业在泰国观光旅游局的大力推动下,成为泰国主要的经济收入来源,游客可以在境内不同的地区享受不同的旅游形式。泰国有现代化的城市曼谷,南部面临暹罗湾和印度洋,有很多天然的沙滩度假区发展起来,北部山区气候宜人,亦适宜旅行。
著名的旅游景点:
[编辑] 文化[编辑] 语言泰国的官方语言是泰语,用泰语字母。少数民族有他们各自的方言。
[编辑] 节日风俗泰国深受佛教影响,故此有很多节日皆是与佛教有关的。泰国的国定假日通常以西历计算,但若干宗教节日和传统节日会以泰国历或农历计算。
其主要节日日如下:日期中文名当地名备注1月1日元旦Wan Khun Pee Mai
1月至2月间新年
中国农历正月初1至初32月万佛节Mahka Bucha泰历3月15日4月6日查库里王朝纪念日Chakri纪念查克里王朝的奠定4月13日至4月15日宋干节/泼水节Songkran
5月佛诞Vaisakh Bucha泰历6月15日,纪念佛祖释迦牟尼出生、成道和出灭5月1日劳动节
5月5日泰王登基纪念日
纪念现国王加冕5月15日春耕节
7月守夏节Ansanha Bucha泰历8月15日,纪念佛祖成道后向信徒讲说之日7月佛祖开示纪念日Khao Phansa泰历8月16日,是为期3个月的佛教斋戒期的首天8月12日母亲节Mother's Day纪念现王后生日10月23日五世王纪念日Wan Piyamaharat纪念朱拉隆功大帝逝世日12月5日父亲节Father's Day纪念现国王生日12月10日宪法纪念日Constitution Day纪念1932年立宪12月28日郑皇节Taksin Day抗缅复国的民族英雄达信大帝登基纪念日12月31日除夕New Year's Eve
另外,在泰国的不同地区,有不同的民族节日,例如:
[编辑] 参看[编辑] 外部链接
泰国历史 维基百科,自由的百科全书 跳转到: 导航, 搜索
汉漢▼▲
[size=90%]为了阅读方便,本文使用全文手工转换。转换内容:
[size=90%]- 简体:却克里;繁體:却克里; 当前用字模式下显示为→却克里
[size=90%]
[size=90%]显示↓关闭↑附加说明(对转换结果有疑问时) [size=90%]
字词转换是中文维基的一项自动转换,目的是通过计算机程序自动消除繁简、地区词等不同用字模式的差异,以达到阅读方便。
字词转换包括全局转换和手动转换,本说明所使用的标题转换和全文转换技术,都属于手动转换。
由于技术所限,字词转换有时会不稳定,在刚增加标题转换时,由于缓存原因标题不一定马上显示转换后的正确结果。你可以尝试单击这里进行强制刷新。
泰国历史 
泰国史前时期
泰国早期历史
早期的诸侯国、城邦国 (公元前3年至1238年)素可泰王国(1238年至1448年)大城(阿育陀耶)王国(1351年至1767年)吞武里王国(1768年至1782年)却克里王国(1782年至1932年)当代泰王国大泰国区域的历史若您有意编辑此信息框请按此处泰国历史是泰国领土上发生的历史。
1238年,素可泰王国建立。
14世纪中叶,阿瑜陀耶王国(大城王国)取而代之。泰文化受到中国文化和印度文化的影响很大。
18世纪,华裔郑信建立吞武里王朝,后来拉玛一世拿握政权,建都曼谷,史称却克里王朝(曼谷王朝)。
16世纪西方列强来到泰国,直至19世纪末,英法两国已经分别在暹罗东西两边建立英属印度和法属印度支那殖民地。1896年英法签订〈关于暹罗等地的宣言〉,将暹罗列为两个殖民地之间的“缓冲国”,其后英法于1904年划定势力范围:湄南河以东为法国势力范围,以西为英国势力范围。虽然暹罗没有成为列强殖民地,但仍然受到英法的诸多压制。
曼谷王朝的拉玛四世(1851年至1868年在位)开始国家开放政策,至拉玛五世(朱拉隆功大帝,1868年至1910年在位)借鉴西方国家经验,进行了一系列改革来适应殖民国家对暹罗施加的压力。1932年6月,在一次不流血革命后,暹罗成为君主立宪制国家。1939年改名泰国。
在第二次世界大战时泰国倾向日本,1941年12月7日,日本发动太平洋战争,日本和泰国签订〈日泰同盟条约〉。1942年1月25日泰国宣布向英美宣战,日本曾将部份在缅甸和马来亚半岛占领地割让给泰国。1945年8月15日日本战败投降,泰国随即在翌日宣布:“泰国1942年1月25日对英美宣战宣言无效”,泰国的“宣战无效”宣言被同盟国承认。
第二次世界大战后泰国成为美国的主要军事盟国,在经济、军事等有亲切关系。在东南亚地区泰国亦是一个举足轻重的国家,该国是东南亚国家联盟始创国之一,亦在东南亚区内事务有积极的参予。
2006年4月2日的议会选举遭到三大反对党的联合抵制,造成严重的政治危机。4月5日,泰国看守内阁总理塔信·钦那瓦在内阁特别会议上指派副总理奇猜·万那沙提暂时行使看守内阁总理职责。[1] 5月8日,泰国宪法法院裁定,泰国选举委员会在组织4月2日国会下议院选举中“有违法和违宪行为”,因此选举结果无效,应重新举行国会下议院选举。[2]9月19日,军方发动政变,解散他信内阁,由国家管理改革委员会接管国家政权。[3]9月22日,陆军司令颂提·汶雅叻格林出任管理改革委员会主席。[4]10月1日,管理改革委员会颁布临时宪法并立即生效,管理改革委员会更名为泰国国家安全委员会。[5]10月9日,以素拉育·朱拉暖为临时总理的临时内阁宣誓就职。[6]10月20日,临时立法机构泰国国民立法大会成立。[7]
2007年8月19日,就宪法草案举行全民公决。[1]草案通过公决。[2]
史前的泰国 维基百科,自由的百科全书 (重定向自泰國史前時期)
跳转到: 导航, 搜索泰国历史 
泰国史前时期
泰国早期历史
早期的诸侯国、城邦国 (公元前3年至1238年)素可泰王国(1238年至1448年)大城(阿育陀耶)王国(1351年至1767年)吞武里王国(1768年至1782年)却克里王国(1782年至1932年)当代泰王国大泰国区域的历史若您有意编辑此信息框请按此处史前的泰国大概可以追溯到一百万年前的化石时代和石器时代。最早的证据是在今天泰国北部南邦府出土的直立人──“南邦人”化石,其年代大约为五十万年至一百万年前。石器工具曾在北碧府、乌汶府、洛坤府、华富里(Lopburi)等地出土,大约一万年前的岩画也在上述地区被发现。[编辑] 二百五十万年前至十二万年前:旧石器时代 (Lower Palaeolithic)[编辑] 先石器时代[编辑] 早期人类[编辑] 早期人类同当代泰人的关系[编辑] 一万年前至五千年前:新石器时代(Neolithic)[编辑] 新石器时代人类[编辑] Domestication[编辑] 新石器时代人在泰国的定居点- Spirit Cave
- Wang Bhodi
- Ban Chiang
[编辑] 二千五百年前:青铜时代(Bronze Age)[编辑] 铜器时代的到来[编辑] 青铜时代人类的定居点[编辑] 一千五百年前:铁器时代(Iron Age)[编辑] 铁器时代人类的定居点- None Nok Tha
- Lopburi Artillery center
- Ong Ba Cave
- Ban Don Ta Phet
[ 本帖最後由 jackchan_b2b 於 2008-9-20 11:54 PM 編輯 ] |